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Aunque muchos lo ignoren, una parte sustancial de los pilares queásustentan la civilización actual se nutre de la física cuántica, junto a laárelatividad una de las dos grandes revoluciones científicas que cambiaronánuestra comprensión del mundo durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Es el cuántico un mundo regido por leyes que parecen violar las leyes delásentido común, como expresó con una ironía no exenta de angustia AlbertáEinstein cuando ante el carácter probabilístico de la nueva física cuánticaámanifestó en 1926: "Estoy convencido de que Dios no juega a los dados". Sin embargo, en esta ocasión el genial físico se equivocó: en sus nivelesámás íntimos, el mundo sigue pautas de comportamiento probabilístico. Y noásólo eso, existen otras propiedades que violan completamente las leyesáque Newton estableció en 1687 y que gobernaron la física durante másáde dos siglos: así, tenemos que se crean y aniquilan partículas y que noápodemos conocer con absoluta precisión, al mismo tiempo, parejas deávariables como la posición y la velocidad de una partícula. Dirigida eáintroducida por Stephen Hawking, el científico más celebre del pasado reciente,áLos sueños de los que está hecha la materia áreúne las obras esencialesáde la física cuántica; textos que provocaron u
STEPHEN HAWKING
Stephen W. Hawking ocupó, hasta 2009, la cátedra Lucasiana de Matemáticas que en otro tiempo ocupó Newton en la Universidad de Cambridge, y fue condecorado con el Premio Príncipe de Asturias de la Concordia en 1989. Reconocido universalmente como uno de los más grandes físicos teóricos del mundo, el profesor Hawking ha escrito, pese a sus enormes limitaciones físicas, docenas de artículos que significan en conjunto una aportación a la ciencia que aún no somos capaces de evaluar adecuadamente. A su primera obra de divulgación, Historia del tiempo. Del big bang a los agujeros negros (Crítica, 1988) y El universo en una cáscara de nuez (Crítica, 2002), se le suman Brevísima historia del tiempo -escrita con Leonard Mlodinow- y las antologías A hombros de gigantes. Las grandes obras de la Física y la Astronomía (Crítica 2003), la edición ilustrada de esta última obra (Crítica 2004), Dios creó los números. Los descubrimientos matemáticos que cambiaron la Historia (Crítica 2006) y La gran ilusión. Las grandes obras de Albert Einstein (Crítica, 2008). Falleció el 14 de marzo de 2018.
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